1. What does Levin take the argument in defense of preferential hiring and admissions to be?

2. Why is Levin concerned to argue that racial discrimination is not special? What is the bearing of the question of whether it is special on the question of whether preferential hiring and admission is justified?

3. What are the main grounds that Levin considers upon which people have argued that racial discrimination is special, and how does Levin respond to those arguments? Can you think of any other ways in which racial discrimination is special and merits special redress?

4. Levin maintains that rectification of widespread and long-past wrongs is impossible. Why? Do you agree? What then should be done about widespread and long-past wrongs?